The anti-microbial activity of carbon nanotubes helps in killing of pathogen present in water treatment plants. The high surface-to-volume ratio and hydrophobic nature of carbon nanotubes facilitate strong affinities towards adsorption and removal of wide range of aliphatic and aromatic contaminants which include pathogenic organisms, and cyanobacterial toxins in water samples. Carbon nanotubes are also important in regeneration of tissues, diagnosis of biomolecules, extraction or enantiomer separation of chiral drug molecules and analysis of various drug molecules. The adsorption and conjugating ability of carbon nanotubes with therapeutic and diagnostic agents signifies their importance in pharmaceutical and medical applications. that are widely located in aqueous and diverse biological systems. The large surface area and fast charge transfer ability of carbon nanotubes enable their sensing ability for the detection of catechol, para-cresol and para-nitrophenol, hydroquinone, etc. The closed cage structure, various redox states, stability, functionalization ability and light-induced switching behaviour of fullerenes trend in development of supercapacitors, sensors, optical and other electronic devices. This book chapter is focused on health and environmental applications of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene. drug delivery, energy conversion and storage devices, field emission electronics, biosensors and water treatment. Carbon nanomaterials have found emerging applications in various fields, viz. The carbon nanomaterials have been receiving great interest in department of nanoscience and technology an account of their extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties. Once it is possible to make semiconducting-only carbon nanotube films, that may provide the greatest efficiency improvement. We demonstrate optimization strategies that improve cell efficiency by orders of magnitude. We attribute this to the presence of metallic nanotubes that provide a short for photo-excited electrons, bypassing the load. This effect is contrary to the expectation that a larger number of nanotubes would lead to more photoconversion and therefore more power generation. We observe that cells with a lower concentration of carbon nanotubes on the active semiconducting electrode perform better than cells with a higher concentration of nanotubes. The cells do not require rare source materials such as In or Pt, nor high-grade semiconductor processing equipment, do not rely on dye for photoconversion and therefore do not bleach, and are easy to fabricate using a spray-paint technique. They are made of a photoactive side of predominantly semiconducting nanotubes for photoconversion and a counter electrode made of a natural mixture of carbon nanotubes or graphite, connected by a liquid electrolyte through a redox reaction. We present proof-of-concept all-carbon solar cells.
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